The Copalquin District Mining Concessions, Mexico
(Mithril earning 100% via purchase option/earn-in detailed in ASX announcement dated 25 November 2019)
(Mithril earning 100% via purchase option/earn-in detailed in ASX announcement dated 25 November 2019)
Area: 70km2 (10km E-W by 7km N-S) and includes dozens of historic mines and workings.
Location: Durango State, Mexico, 4 hour drive north of the city of Culiacan and 8 hour drive SSW from the city of Chihuahua via highway 24.
The town of El Durazno is located approximately 20km east of the District. The Copalquin airstrip is serviced several times daily from Tamazula (15 minutes) and Culiacan (30 minutes).
Mithril is currently progressing a fully funded drill program in the Copalquin District following its successful maiden JORC resource estimate delivered in November 2021 after only 15 months of drilling and with an all-in discovery cost of USD14.30 per ounce gold equivalent.*
Maiden JORC Mineral Resource Estimate summary:
*AuEq. = gold equivalent calculated using and gold:silver price ratio of 70:1. That is, 70 g/t silver = 1 g/t gold. The metal prices used to determine the 70:1 ratio are the cumulative average prices for 2021: gold USD1,798.34 and silver: USD25.32 (actual is 71:1) from kitco.com
Copalquin is a district scale property with several dozen historic mines and workings. Exploration work in the district since July 2020 has defined a maiden JORC mineral resource estimate as well as developing several drill target areas along two lines of historic workings as shown in Figure 2.
Exploration drilling, mapping, rock chip sampling and soil sampling is ongoing throughout this large district with work advancing towards resource expansion and future development.
In early March 2022, the Company released details on the recently completed conceptual mining study by AMC Consulting. (ASX Announcement 1 March 2022) This study and the recently reported high metallurgical recoveries (ASX Announcement 25 February 2022) are seen as positive steps towards development in the district for production of gold and silver from high-grade resources defined at the El Refugio – La Soledad.
Tonnes (kt) |
Gold (g/t) |
Silver (g/t) |
Gold Equiv.* (g/t) |
Gold (koz) |
Silver (koz) |
Gold Equiv.* (koz) |
||
El Refugio | Indicated | 691 | 5.43 | 114.2 | 7.06 | 121 | 2,538 | 157 |
Inferred | 1,447 | 4.63 | 137.1 | 6.59 | 215 | 6,377 | 307 | |
La Soledad | Indicated | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Inferred | 278 | 4.12 | 228.2 | 7.38 | 37 | 2,037 | 66 | |
Total | Indicated | 691 | 5.43 | 114.2 | 7.06 | 121 | 2,538 | 157 |
Inferred | 1,725 | 4.55 | 151.7 | 6.72 | 252 | 8,414 | 372 | |
TOTAL | 2,416 | 4.8 | 141 | 6.81 | 373 | 10,953 | 529 |
Table 1 – Mineral resource estimate El Refugio – La Soledad using a cut-off grade of 2.0 g/t AuEq*
*AuEq. = gold equivalent calculated using and gold:silver price ratio of 70:1. That is, 70 g/t silver = 1 g/t gold. The metal prices used to determine the 70:1 ratio are the cumulative average prices for 2021: gold USD1,798.34 and silver: USD25.32 (actual is 71:1) from kitco.com
AMC Consultants commenced and completed a mining concepts design study for the El Refugio-La Soledad maiden JORC mineral resource estimate in 1Q 2022. The study considered open pit potential and various underground mining techniques. The positioning of the underground mine development was also assessed.
The study work shows that there is some open pit potential requiring further drilling work to better define near surface high-grade material at El Cometa. The most likely scenario from the study indicates that the resource would be most effectively mined by underground methods.
For the underground mining, the preferred mining method recommended is mechanised Avoca bench (a variant of long hole open stope benching with rockfill) using a bottom-up extraction sequence as shown in the schematic on the right.
Some geotechnical logging of exploration holes has been undertaken and historical workings are present. AMC notes that rock mass conditions indicate “good” to “very good” rock but can generally be categorised as “fair” until recommended geotechnical assessment work has been undertaken. AMC has recommended geotechnical work, which includes geotechnical logging of existing drill core on site, geotechnical diamond core drilling, structural modelling and structure confirmation drilling (to coincide with resource infill drilling) to be completed prior to further mining study work.
The preferred conceptual exploration access – mine design was constructed, and sequence animated based on:
Figure 6 provides an isometric view of the mechanised Avoca bench with rockfill mine design and in Figure 7, a plan view is shown.
Figure 6 – Isometric view of the conceptual mine plan for El Refugio-La Soledad
Figure 7 – Plan view of the conceptual mine plan using the maiden MRE for El Refugio-La Soledad
Class | Tonnes kt |
REFUGIO_W | 601.1 |
REFUGIO | 958.7 |
REFUGIO_E | 426.5 |
SOLEDAD | 147.2 |
LEON | 111.4 |
Total | 2,244.9 |
Table 2 – Conceptual mine design inventory El Refugio – La Soledad using a cut-off grade of 3.0 g/t AuEq*. The concept inventory is not a resource or a reserve.
*AuEq. = gold equivalent calculated using and gold:silver price ratio of 70:1. That is, 70 g/t silver = 1 g/t gold. The metal prices used to determine the 70:1 ratio are the cumulative average prices for 2021: gold USD1,798.34 and silver: USD25.32 (actual is 71:1) from kitco.com
Unit | Quantity | |
Lateral Development | ||
Crosscut | metres | 2,513 |
Decline | metres | 6,897 |
Exploration Drive | metres | 2,733 |
Footwall Drive | metres | 556 |
Level Access | metres | 2,385 |
Ore Drive | metres | 11,109 |
RAR Drive | metres | 2,181 |
Stockpile | metres | 1,759 |
Sump | metres | 390 |
Total | metres | 30,523 |
Vertical Development | ||
RAR Longhole | metres | 770 |
Table 3 – Conceptual mine design development physicals
A metallurgical test work program following the maiden mineral resource estimate (MRE) was completed by SGS Laboratories. (ASX Announcement 25 February 2022) Building on Mithril’s excellent high-grade gold and silver maiden mineral resource estimate (ASX Announcement 17 November 2021), the high recoveries of gold and silver from the flotation and leaching test work reinforce attractive project metrics for the district.
The sample used for the test work is a composite sample from El Refugio crushed drill core. The average grade of the composite is similar to the average grade of the maiden resource estimate. The calculated composite grade from the flotation test work is 4.52 g/t gold and 124 g/t silver.
Flotation test work has been completed using the same reagent scheme determined for the Palmarejo deposit (located in the Sierra Madre Trend and north of the Copalquin District) test work, due to the similarities in geology and mineralogy between Palmarejo and El Refugio at Copalquin.
Description 48 hr Leaching Time |
Test | Duplicate Test | |||
Au % | Ag % | Au % | Ag % | ||
Flotation Concentrate (% recovered) | A | 94.2 | 87.6 | 92.9 | 87.9 |
Leaching of Flotation Concentrate | B | 97.3 | 93.4 | 97.4 | 92.9 |
Flotation Tailings (% remaining) | C | 5.8 | 12.4 | 7.1 | 12.1 |
Leaching of Flotation Tailing | D | 85.8 | 76.5 | 82.9 | 75.7 |
Total Recovery to solution (B x A)+(DxC) | 96.6 | 91.3 | 96.4 | 90.8 |
Table 4 – Summary of the flotation and the flotation product cyanide leaching recoveries giving the final gold and silver recoveries to solution.
Intensive cyanide leaching of the flotation concentrate and low-level cyanide leaching of the flotation tailings allows high recovery of silver to be achieved. Cyanide leaching of silver is slower under the typical conditions used for gold only leaching. Recovering a high proportion of the silver into a concentrate (by flotation or gravity) allows the concentrate to leached under intensive conditions resulting in higher silver recovery. The overall recovery to solution is 96.5% for gold and 91% for silver. Gold and silver would be extracted from solution using the widely used Merrill-Crowe zinc precipitation method and then smelted to produce metal gold-silver ingots.
The process flowsheet for El Refugio-La Soledad resource material being tested is as shown below in Figure 8 and Figure 9. This is a similar flowsheet used at similar deposits in the Sierra Madre Trend, Mexico including Coeur Mining’s Palmarejo and SilverCrest Metals’ Las Chispas (under construction).
Figure 8 – Metallurgical recoveries for gold and silver using flotation and cyanidation for the El Refugio-La Soledad composite sample and process flow sheet.
Figure 9 – Process flow sheet detail proposed for the El Refugio-La Soledad resource, typical of other properties in the Sierra Madre Trend with similar geology
Further metallurgical test work will allow the crushing, grinding, thickening, flotation and filtration equipment sizes to be determined.
The Copalquin Project lies within the Sierra Madre Occidental physiographic province of north-western Mexico. The project is underlain by andesitic volcanics of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Lower Volcanic Series. A Tertiary granodiorite to monzonite pluton intrudes the andesite and much of the area is capped by Tertiary rhyolite ignimbrites of the Upper Volcanic Series. Mineralisation is thought to be contemporaneous with the eruption of the Upper Volcanic Series.
Semi-continuous low-angle breccia zones have formed within the andesite parallel to the granodiorite contact. These zones include the El Cometa breccia and the Los Reyes breccia. The geometry of these zones is similar to the nearby El Gallo silver deposit of McEwen Mining which is also formed in a series of breccias parallel to the contact between intrusive rocks and Lower Volcanic Series andesite.
A series of high angle normal faults strikes northwest and dips to the northeast including the Refugio, La Soledad and La Constancia structures which host veins mineralised with gold and silver. North-south striking, west dipping faults at San Manuel also host mineralized veins.
Both the low-angle breccias and the high-angle faults host extensive zones of mineralised quartz breccia. It is likely that the low angle zones developed as tectonic breccias during the intrusion of the granodiorite and were later mineralized by hydrothermal activity related to the eruption of the Upper Volcanic Series.
Large areas of argillic alteration occur across the concessions. The alteration forms haloes adjacent to the known structures and large zones where structures have not been identified. Argillic alteration is indicative of widespread penetration of hydrothermal fluids into the surrounding rocks and suggests a long-lived hydrothermal system was active at Copalquin.
The alteration from Refugio to Los Reyes is over 2,000 meters long and from 100 to 400 meters wide. It is expected that the widest zones are related to shallow-dipping portions of the Cometa-Los Reyes structures where the structure is nearer the outcrop surface. Similar alteration is present well to the west at El Platanal and well to the east at Constancia. It cannot be stressed enough that this strong, widespread argillic alteration forming a large-volume halo well out from the veins is the observable geologic characteristic that identifies Copalquin as a major epithermal centre.
Articles in the Engineering and Mining Journal 1897 and 1900 give some details about past developments and production of gold and silver from the Copalquin Mining District. Click the links below to open the articles in a separate window. Close the window to return to the site.